Acetic acidfeem ntau hu ua ACOH, muaj npe tom qab ua cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm vinegar, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws fatty acids.Daim ntawv dawb nyob rau hauv qhov yog feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam nroj tsuag.Molecular CH3COOH.Kev brewing thiab siv vinegar muaj keeb kwm ntawm ntau txhiab xyoo.Nyob rau hauv ancient Tuam Tshoj, nws tau sau nyob rau hauv vinegar.Tab sis concentrated acetic acid yog ib qho kev vam meej Chemicalbook tsim los ntawm Stahl nyob rau hauv 1700. Ntshiab acetic acid yog ib tug tsis muaj kob kua thiab muaj ib tug irritating saj.Lub melting point yog 16.6 ° C, lub boiling point yog 117.9 ° C, thiab tus txheeb ze ceev yog 1.049 (20/4 ° C).Soluble hauv dej, ethanol, glycerin, ether thiab carbon chloride;insoluble hauv carbonide.Crickets dej tsis muaj dej yog coagulated rau hauv dej khov, feem ntau hu ua ice acetic acid.Corrosive.Nws tsis muaj zog thiab organic acid, acidicity ntawm cov kua qaub, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau esterization tshwm sim nrog cawv.
Chemical Properties:Acetic acid(AcOH) yog mono-tsis muaj zog carboxylic acid.Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm carboxylic acids.Nws reacts nrog tej yam hlau, hlau oxides thiab hydroxides los ua ntsev.Ntau cov acetic acids muaj kev siv tseem ceeb.Basic ferric acetate [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] thiab [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] thiab lead acetate tau siv los ua mordant, thiab ferrous acetate tau siv rau kev luam ntawv.Acetic acid thiab cawv tau esterified.Esterification tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog unsaturated hydrocarbon nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalyst.Alpha-hydrogen tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm halogens;Thiab formaldehyde nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm catalyst, mus rau hauv Chemicalbook kab ntawm cawv aldehyde condensation;Thaum nitric acid yog nitrated hauv acetic acid, tus nqi nitrating tuaj yeem txhim kho.Reacting nrog benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride thiab benzoic acid tuaj yeem tsim.Acetic acid tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam tseem ceeb derivatives, xws li methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, thiab lwm yam, yog ib qho hnyav heev hauv kev lag luam txheej thiab xim.Cellulose acetate, tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm acetic anhydride thiab cellulose, tuaj yeem siv los ua zaj duab xis, tshuaj tsuag xim thiab ntau yam yas.Carboxymethyl cellulose tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm chloroacetic acid.Cov vinyl acetate uas ua los ntawm acetic acid thiab acetylene yog ib qho tseem ceeb raw khoom rau synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj, dyes thiab spices, raws li zoo raws li ib tug tseem ceeb hnyav rau kev kho mob roj hmab.Acetic acid plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab cov organic synthesis.
Daim ntawv thov teb
Kev siv tshuab
1. Acetic acidyog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg loj thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic acids.Nws yog tsuas yog siv los tsim ethidine, ethyls thiab ethyl acetate.Polyetate ethyl ester tuaj yeem ua rau hauv zaj duab xis thiab nplaum, thiab nws kuj yog cov khoom siv raw rau hluavtaws fiber ntau Velun.Ethyl acetic acid cellulose tuaj yeem ua cov khoom siv dag zog thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab.
2. Cov ethyl acetate tsim los ntawm qib qis cawv yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev thiab siv dav hauv kev lag luam xim.Vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom organic uas yaj cov acetic acid, acetic acid kuj tseem siv cov organic solvents (piv txwv li, rau kev tsim cov phenyl acidic acid acidic acid acid).
3. Acetic acid tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qee qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab polished, raws li qhov tsis zoo (xws li galvanizing thiab tshuaj lom neeg nickel plating) hauv cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, ntxiv cov tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv hemuminal ci nickel-plated electrolyte, thiab passivation ntawm zinc thiab cadmium. kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab passivation thiab feem ntau siv los tswj cov pH ntawm cov tsis muaj zog acidic plating.
4. Nws yog siv los tsim hlau ntsev, xws li manganese, sodium, lead, txhuas, zinc, cobalt thiab lwm yam hlau, uas yog dav siv los ua catalysts, ntaub dyeing thiab tawv tanning industries.Fouritic acid lead yog cov organic synthetic reagent (xws li tetraitic acid lead tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog oxidant, qhov chaw ntawm acetyl oxygen, thiab npaj cov organic lead compounds, thiab lwm yam).
5. Acetic acid kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov tshuaj analytical reagents, organic synthesis, pigment thiab tshuaj synthesis.
Kev siv zaub mov
Hauv kev lag luam zaub mov,acetic acidyog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev acidified.Thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab txuj lom siv los ua hluavtaws vinegar, acetic acid yog diluted rau 4-5%, thiab ntau yam flavors ntxiv.Pheej yig.Raws li ib tug acid-flavored tus neeg saib xyuas, nws yuav siv tau rau composite seasonings.Nws yog npaj los siv vinegar, kaus poom, jelly thiab cheese.Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab nrog 0.1 ~ 0.3 g / kg.
Kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los
Kev ceev faj cia: Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhov cua txias.Khaws kom deb ntawm hluav taws thiab cua sov.Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau khaws cia siab tshaj 16 ℃ kom tiv thaiv kom khov.Khaws lub thawv kaw.Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais los ntawm oxidant thiab alkali, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob tov.Kev tawg-pov thawj teeb pom kev zoo thiab qhov cua qhov chaw tau txais yuav.Tsis txhob siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej uas ua rau lub txim taws.Qhov chaw cia khoom yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab cov khoom tuav tsim nyog.
Kev ceev faj txog kev thauj mus los: Cov khoom no yuav raug xa los ntawm txhuas lub tank tsheb muab los ntawm txhuas cov lag luam thaum caij tsheb ciav hlau, thiab kev pom zoo los ntawm cov tuam tsev tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm ua ntej xa khoom.Kev thauj mus los tsis muaj kaus poom yuav tsum tau ua raws li nruj raws li cov khoom txaus ntshai ntim cov npe hauv "Txoj Cai Tsheb Thauj Khoom Zoo" ntawm Ministry of Railways.Kev ntim khoom yuav tsum ua kom tiav thiab kev thauj khoom yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb.Thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los, xyuas kom meej tias lub thawv tsis xau, tawg, poob lossis puas.Lub trough (tank) lub tsheb siv hauv kev thauj mus los yuav tsum muaj cov saw hlau hauv av, thiab lub qhov muab faib tuaj yeem npaj rau hauv lub trough kom txo cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub los ntawm kev poob siab.Nws yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub sib tov nrog oxidant, alkali thiab edible tshuaj.Txoj kev thauj mus los yuav tsum ua raws li txoj hauv kev, tsis txhob nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob thiab muaj neeg nyob.
Post lub sij hawm: Mar-23-2023