Cov kua qaub aceticFeem ntau hu ua ACOH, hu ua tom qab ua cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm vinegar, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov roj fatty acids tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom dawb hauv xwm feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag. Molecular CH3COOH. Kev ua thiab siv vinegar muaj keeb kwm ntawm ntau txhiab xyoo. Hauv Suav teb thaum ub, nws tau sau tseg hauv vinegar. Tab sis concentrated acetic acid yog ib qho kev vam meej Chemicalbook tsim los ntawm Stahl hauv xyoo 1700. Cov kua qaub acetic ntshiab yog cov kua tsis muaj xim thiab muaj qhov saj khaus. Lub ntsiab lus yaj yog 16.6 ° C, lub ntsiab lus kub yog 117.9 ° C, thiab qhov ceev sib piv yog 1.049 (20/4 ° C). Yaj hauv dej, ethanol, glycerin, ether thiab carbon chloride; tsis yaj hauv carbonide. Cov kab laug sab hauv dej tsis muaj dej yog coagulated rau hauv dej khov-zoo li, feem ntau hu ua dej khov acetic acid. Corrosive. Nws yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab organic, acidicity ntawm acid, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau esterization tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cawv.
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg:Cov kua qaub acetic(AcOH) yog ib qho carboxylic acid mono-weak. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm carboxylic acids. Nws reacts nrog qee cov hlau, hlau oxides thiab hydroxides los tsim cov ntsev. Ntau cov acetic acids muaj kev siv tseem ceeb. Basic ferric acetate [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] thiab [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] thiab lead acetate tau siv ua mordant, thiab ferrous acetate tau siv rau kev luam ntawv. Acetic acid thiab cawv tau esterified. Esterification kuj tuaj yeem nqa tawm nrog unsaturated hydrocarbon nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm catalyst. Alpha-hydrogen tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm halogens; Thiab formaldehyde nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm catalyst, mus rau hauv Chemicalbook kab ntawm cawv aldehyde condensation; Thaum nitric acid yog nitrated hauv acetic acid, tus nqi nitrating tuaj yeem txhim kho. Reacting nrog benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride thiab benzoic acid tuaj yeem tsim. Acetic acid siv tau los tsim ntau yam khoom tseem ceeb, xws li methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, thiab lwm yam, yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev hauv kev lag luam pleev xim thiab pleev xim. Cellulose acetate, tsim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm acetic anhydride thiab cellulose, siv tau los ua zaj duab xis, tshuaj tsuag xim thiab ntau yam yas. Carboxymethyl cellulose siv tau los ntawm chloroacetic acid. Cov vinyl acetate tsim los ntawm acetic acid thiab acetylene yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov tshuaj, cov xim thiab cov txuj lom, nrog rau cov kuab tshuaj tseem ceeb rau kev kho roj hmab. Acetic acid ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab kev tsim cov organic.
Daim ntawv thov teb
Kev siv hauv kev lag luam
1. Cov kua qaub aceticyog ib yam khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg loj thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic acids. Nws feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov ethidine, ethyls thiab ethyl acetate. Polyetate ethyl ester tuaj yeem ua rau hauv ib zaj duab xis thiab nplaum, thiab nws kuj yog ib qho khoom siv raw rau cov khoom siv fiber Velun. Ethyl acetic acid cellulose tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub mos mos thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab.
2. Cov ethyl acetate uas tsim los ntawm cov cawv qis yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo heev thiab siv dav hauv kev lag luam pleev xim. Vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom organic uas yaj cov acetic acid, acetic acid kuj tseem siv cov kuab tshuaj organic (piv txwv li, rau kev tsim cov phenyl acidic acid acidic acid acid).
3. Acetic acid siv tau rau hauv qee cov tshuaj pickled thiab polished, ua ib qho buffer (xws li galvanizing thiab tshuaj nickel plating) hauv cov tshuaj kua qaub tsis muaj zog, ntxiv cov khoom ntxiv rau hauv cov electrolyte ci ntsa iab hemuminal, thiab passivation ntawm zinc thiab cadmium Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog khi ntawm zaj duab xis passivation thiab feem ntau siv los tswj pH ntawm cov plating acidic tsis muaj zog.
4. Nws yog siv los tsim cov ntsev hlau, xws li manganese, sodium, lead, txhuas, zinc, cobalt thiab lwm yam hlau, uas yog siv dav ua cov catalysts, ntaub dyeing thiab tawv tanning industries. Fouritic acid lead yog cov organic synthetic reagent (xws li tetraitic acid lead siv tau ua cov oxidant muaj zog, qhov chaw ntawm acetyl oxygen, thiab npaj cov organic lead compounds, thiab lwm yam).
5. Acetic acid kuj tseem siv tau ua cov tshuaj reagents analytical, organic synthesis, pigment thiab tshuaj synthesis.
Kev siv khoom noj
Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus,kua qaub aceticsiv ua tus neeg sawv cev acidified. Thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab cov txuj lom siv los ua cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo synthetic, cov acetic acid raug diluted rau 4-5%, thiab ntau yam tsw qab ntxiv. Pheej yig. Ua tus neeg sawv cev acid-flavored, nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Nws tau npaj los siv vinegar, cov kaus poom, jelly thiab cheese. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tsw qab nrog 0.1 ～ 0.3 g / kg.
Kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los
Kev ceev faj txog kev khaws cia: Khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw txias thiab muaj cua nkag. Khaws cia kom deb ntawm hluav taws thiab cua sov. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum khaws cia siab tshaj 16 ℃ kom tiv thaiv kev khov. Khaws lub thawv kom kaw. Nws yuav tsum khaws cia cais ntawm cov tshuaj oxidant thiab alkali, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob sib xyaw. Siv cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cua nkag uas tiv thaiv kev tawg. Tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej uas yooj yim hluav taws. Qhov chaw khaws cia yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov xau thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuav khoom tsim nyog.
Kev ceev faj txog kev thauj mus los: Cov khoom no yuav raug xa los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom txhuas uas cov tuam txhab txhuas muab thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov chaw haujlwm cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm ua ntej xa khoom. Kev thauj mus los ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau uas tsis yog lub thawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li daim ntawv teev cov khoom txaus ntshai hauv "Cov Cai Thauj Khoom Txaus Ntshai" ntawm Ministry of Railways. Kev ntim khoom yuav tsum tiav thiab kev thauj khoom yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb. Thaum lub sijhawm thauj mus los, xyuas kom meej tias lub thawv tsis xau, tawg, poob lossis puas tsuaj. Lub tsheb thauj khoom (tank) siv hauv kev thauj mus los yuav tsum muaj cov saw hlau av, thiab tuaj yeem teeb tsa qhov faib qhov hauv lub thawv kom txo cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub uas tsim los ntawm kev poob siab. Nws raug txwv tsis pub sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj oxidant, alkali thiab cov tshuaj noj tau. Kev thauj mus los ntawm txoj kev yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev tau teev tseg, tsis txhob nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob thiab thaj chaw muaj neeg coob coob.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-23-2023