I.Kev Txheeb Xyuas Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Nce Qib ntawm Kev Siv Tshuab
Polyacrylamide (PAM), ua ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj kho dej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tau ua tiav kev vam meej tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev siv lag luam hauv xyoo tas los no. Raws li daim ntawv tshawb fawb kev lag luam tshiab, kev lag luam PAM thoob ntiaj teb tau txog $ 4.58 billion hauv xyoo 2023 thiab kwv yees tias yuav loj hlob mus txog $ 6.23 billion los ntawm xyoo 2028, nrog rau kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 6.3%. Kev kho dej suav txog ntau dua 65% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv, ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam.
1. Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab hauv Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
Xyoo 2023, ib pab neeg tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Science and Technology ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb hauv *Nature Water*, ua tiav kev tsim cov khoom siv APAM tshiab nrog cov yam ntxwv "ntse teb". Siv cov thev naus laus zis molecular imprinting, cov khoom no tuaj yeem hloov kho nws cov qauv molecular raws li cov hom pa phem hauv dej, txhim kho kev tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav ion los ntawm 40%, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev khawb av. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv daim teb los ntawm qhov project kho dej khib nyiab hauv Jiangxi qhia tau tias cov khoom no tau ua tiav 99.2% kev tshem tawm cov tooj liab ion thaum txo cov nqi kho los ntawm 35%.
Tib lub sijhawm ntawd, Mitsubishi Chemical ntawm Nyiv tau tshaj tawm cov koob APAM uas tiv taus kub siab uas tswj tau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 80-120 ° C, daws cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv thaj chaw roj thiab roj av. Cov khoom no tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev ua tau zoo heev hauv Saudi Aramco lub tshuab kho dej hauv thaj chaw roj, ua kom cov floc tsim sai dua 50% thiab txo lub sijhawm nyob rau ob feem peb ntawm cov khoom ib txwm muaj.
2. Kev Txhim Kho Txuj Ci Hauv Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Cov kev kho cov sludge tau pom kev hloov pauv loj heev. Thaum ntxov xyoo 2024, lub tuam txhab BASF hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tsim cov khoom CPAM tshiab uas muaj qhov hnyav molecular siab tshaj 20 lab Daltons. Los ntawm kev siv tshuab tshwj xeeb, cov khoom no tsim cov qauv network denser thaum lub sijhawm dewatering sludge, ua tiav cov dej noo tom qab dewatering sludge qis dua 58% - qhov kev txhim kho 10-feem pua ntawm cov khoom ib txwm muaj. Tom qab siv cov thev naus laus zis no, Paris Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant tau nce lub peev xwm kho sludge los ntawm 30% thaum txo kev siv tshuaj los ntawm 15%.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, ib lub tuam txhab Dutch pib tsim ib lub biosynthetic CPAM siv CRISPR gene-editing technology. Tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho *E. coli* fermentation, cov txheej txheem no zam kev siv acrylamide monomer, txo cov khoom ecotoxicity los ntawm 90% thiab txiav cov pa roj carbon los ntawm 65% thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Txawm hais tias cov nqi tam sim no tseem siab dua ~ 20% dua li cov txheej txheem tshuaj synthesis, cov txiaj ntsig sib tw tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau txais thaum ua tiav kev tsim khoom loj los ntawm xyoo 2026.
3. Kev Siv Cov Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM) Ntxiv
NPAM qhia tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho dej tshwj xeeb. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2023, Dow Chemical tau tshaj tawm cov koob NPAM uas rhiab heev rau pH uas hloov kho qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov saw hlau hauv pH 2-12, txhim kho qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv uas raug tshem tawm hauv nano-scale los ntawm 3-5 zaug. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau siv tau zoo hauv kev npaj dej ntshiab rau kev lag luam semiconductor, ua tiav cov qauv dej zoo ntawm 18.2 MΩ·cm.
Cov kws tshawb fawb Kauslim Teb tau tsim NPAM uas pom tau los ntawm kev qhia txog cov chav tsev azobenzene. Cov polymers seem tuaj yeem lwj mus ua cov tshuaj me me hauv 48 teev hauv qab lub teeb ntuj, daws tau tag nrho cov teeb meem PAM seem. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau sim ua hauv cov chaw tsim dej haus hauv Seoul, nrog rau kev lag luam xav tias yuav muaj los ntawm xyoo 2025.
II. Kev Lag Luam Dynamics thiab Kev Txhim Kho Hauv Cheeb Tsam
1. Kev Hloov Pauv Hauv Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb
Thaj av Asia-Pacific tau dhau los ua lub lag luam PAM uas loj hlob sai tshaj plaws, suav txog 46% ntawm kev siv thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2023, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj pab txhawb feem ntau ntawm kev loj hlob. Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Petroleum thiab Chemical Industry Federation qhia tau hais tias Tuam Tshoj cov khoom tsim PAM tau txog 920,000 tons hauv xyoo 2023, nrog rau kev xa khoom tuaj tswj hwm 15% txhua xyoo kev loj hlob - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom lag luam CPAM siab, qhov twg kev vam khom kev xa khoom tseem siab txog 40%.
Kev ua lag luam hauv Tebchaws Europe qhia txog cov qauv sib txawv. Vim muaj cov cai tswjfwm ib puag ncig nruj heev, cov khoom PAM uas lwj tau ua rau muaj feem ntawm kev ua lag luam ntau ntxiv los ntawm 8% hauv xyoo 2020 mus rau 22% hauv xyoo 2023. Veolia ntawm Fabkis tau tshaj tawm cov phiaj xwm los hloov tag nrho cov CPAM ib txwm muaj nrog cov kev xaiv ntsuab los ntawm xyoo 2026.
Kev ua lag luam hauv North America, uas tau tsav los ntawm kev tsim cov roj shale, tseem muaj kev thov APAM ntau. Kev xa khoom PAM hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau loj hlob 18% hauv xyoo 2023, nrog rau 60% siv rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab los ntawm roj thiab roj av. Qhov tseem ceeb, Mexico tau tshwm sim ua lub hauv paus tsim khoom tshiab, nrog ntau lub tuam txhab thoob ntiaj teb tsim cov hauv paus tsim khoom hauv zos.
2. Kev Nqis Tes thiab Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv
Txij xyoo 2023 txog 2024, kev ua lag luam raw khoom PAM tau ntsib kev hloov pauv loj heev. Cov nqi Acrylamide monomer tau nce mus txog qib siab tshaj plaws hauv Q3 2023 tab sis rov qab mus rau qib tsim nyog los ntawm Q2 2024 thaum Tuam Tshoj ntxiv lub peev xwm tsim khoom tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqi cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) txuas ntxiv nce vim muaj kev muab khoom propylene oxide nruj, ua rau cov nqi tsim khoom CPAM nce ntxiv 12-15%.
Hais txog cov saw hlau xa khoom, cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam tau ua kom nrawm dua kev koom ua ke ntsug. Solvay Group tau nqis peev € 300 lab hauv lub hauv paus tsim khoom tshiab hauv Belgium, ua kom muaj kev tsim khoom tag nrho los ntawm acrylonitrile mus rau cov khoom tiav. Xav tias yuav pib tsim tawm hauv xyoo 2025, qhov no yuav txo cov nqi tag nrho los ntawm 20%. Cov lag luam me thiab nruab nrab tau hloov mus rau kev tshwj xeeb - piv txwv li, Ltalis Italmatch tsom mus rau kev tsim cov qauv APAM tshwj xeeb rau kev tshem dej hiav txwv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Tsib Hlis-09-2025